间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）具有自我更新和多向分化的潜能，但分化方向缺乏引导性，受基因、细胞因子、内环境等多种因素的影响。干细胞移植是神经性疾病治疗的常用手段，本文就MSCs定向神经分化的诱导方法如神经营养因子、化学诱导剂、光生物调节、中药诱导等及其可能机制进行阐述。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have selfrenewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential, but the differentiation direction lacks guidance and is affected by many factors such as genes, cytokines and internal environment. Stem cell transplantation is the common method for the treatment of neurological disease. This article describes the induction methods of directional differentiation of MSCs, such as neurotrophic factors, chemical inducers, photobiomodulation, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and their possible mechanisms.