黄疸是一种临床上常见的症状和体征，为血液胆红素升高所致。血液中胆红素升高不仅提示可能存在严重的原发病，而且过高的胆红素还可能导致胆红素脑病，重者导致死亡。临床上可早期应用光学方法在人群中进行无创筛查，对筛查阳性患者再进行血液检查进行诊断，从而增加黄疸及其相关疾病的发现概率。本文就近几年胆红素的光学检测方法的研究进展予以综述。

Jaundice is a clinically common symptom and sign, which is caused by elevated blood bilirubin. Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood not only indicate that there may be a severe primary disease, but that excessive bilirubin may also cause bilirubin encephalopathy, which in severe cases leads to death. Clinically, noninvasive screening can be performed early in the population using optical methods, and blood screening for positive screening patients can be performed for diagnosis, thereby increasing the probability of finding jaundice and related diseases. This article reviews the research progress of optical detection methods for bilirubin in recent years.