CXCL12/CXCR4（CXC ligand 12/CXC receptor 4）轴不仅在趋化、细胞迁徙方面起作用，还参与细胞增殖、分化、干细胞的归巢、炎症反应、免疫调节、内分泌调节及提高痛觉敏感性等多种生命活动中。CXCR4在许多类型的肿瘤中有高表达，并且对于这些类型的肿瘤的远处转移有十分明显的促进作用。在干细胞归巢方面，间充质干细胞中CXCR4表达普遍不高，通过病毒载体过表达CXCR4于间充质干细胞，用于移植治疗损伤或炎症性疾病，取得了十分不错的成效，并引起了广泛关注。在免疫调节方面，研究者发现CXCL12/CXCR4轴也参与到其中。本文对CXCL12/CXCR4轴的生物学功能进行了综述。

In the past knowledge, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis played a role in chemotaxis and cell migration. Yet studies in the last few years showed that its function also involves cell proliferation, differentiation, stem cells homing, inflammation, immunoregulation and other life processes. In many types of tumor, CXCR4 is highly expressed, and contributes significantly to metastasis of these types of tumor. With respect to stem cells homing, the expressions of CXCR4 in all kinds of mesenchymal stem cells are generally low, by overexpressing CXCR4 in mesenchymal stem cells via certain virus vectors and then transplanting them to mammal models of injuries and inflammatory diseases, the researchers achieved satisfactory results, which received great attention. In terms of immunoregulation, researchers discovered that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is also involved in. Here in this article, the new functions of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis are reviewed.