辐射诱变处理是进行农作物种质资源创新及新品种选育的有效途径。本文简要介绍了农作物辐射诱变育种工作中常用的诱变因素、诱变处理对象及对诱变后代材料进行鉴定筛选的主要技术方法，总结了农作物辐射诱变的主要育种成就及国内外在辐射诱变机理方面的研究现状，同时对今后诱变育种工作中亟待解决的问题展开了讨论，以期为提高农作物诱变育种的效率提供参考。

Mutation induced by irradiation is an effective method for both creating germplasm resources and developing new varieties of crops. In the current study, we briefly introduced the commonly used irradiations for mutation induction, the object for mutagenic treatment and the technical methods of identification and screening  of target mutants in the mutated offsprings. Meanwhile, we summarized the main achievements of mutation breeding in crops and research progresses in mutagenesis mechanism. The imminent problems to be solved in future mutation breeding were also discussed with focusing on the improvement of the efficiency of mutation breeding in crop.