光学相干层析成像（Optical coherence tomography，OCT）技术是继X射线成像、核磁共振成像、超声成像等之后的一种新型的成像技术，其可光纤化的特点使得它易于医用电子内窥镜相结合。OCT内窥镜技术可实现对人体内部器官的高速率、高分辨率、无损伤、实时成像。主要介绍了OCT技术的种类、基本原理以及包括探测深度和纵向分辨率等的参数；简述了OCT内窥镜的发展历史以及最新成果，重点分析了光源对OCT内窥镜的影响。总结了OCT内窥镜的主要应用。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technique after X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonic imaging and so on, and its characteristic of can be optical fiber make it easy to combine with medical electronic endoscope. OCT endoscope technology can realize the high rate, high resolution, non-destructive and real-time imaging of human internal organs. The classification and basic principles of OCT as well as some important parameters of OCT technology including the probing depth and axial resolution are mainly introduced. Some recent research achievements and development of OCT endoscope scanning probes are discussed. The influences of light source on OCT endoscope are mostly analyzed. The main application of OCT endoscope is summarized.