对流体中的微纳米材料、细胞、生物分子等进行高精度、高灵活性、无损伤操控的技术在生物医学、生物化学、纳米科学等领域的发展中有着重要的作用。作为捕获和操控的核心技术，光镊的发展和应用也越来越广泛。本文系统地描述了各类光镊的工作原理和独特功能，阐述了不同光镊技术在生物学上的应用，讨论了它们在生命科学的发展前景。

It is important for the development of biomedicine, biochemistry and nanoscience to manipulate micro/nano materials, cells, biomolecules with high precision, high flexibility and no damage. As the core technology of capture and manipulation, the development and application of
 optical tweezers are becoming increasingly extensive. Here, firstly, this paper systematically describes the working principle and unique functions of various optical tweezers. Then, the paper expounded the application of different optical tweezers in biology, and further discussed their development prospects in life sciences.