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Quick Search     Advanced Search   2025 Vol.  34 No.  3 Published: 2025-06-28 1 CONTENTS 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 1-2 [Abstract] ( 2 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1396KB] ( 10 ) 193 YANG Lingshu, HUANG Yixu, ZHOU Xiaoqiao, SHE Jianpeng, JING Ziwei, DUAN Fei Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Digestive System Diseases Abstract: As a non-drug treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown good effects and low side effects in the treatment of a variety of diseases, and has broad application prospects. In recent years, PDT has become increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases, especially in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors and gastrointestinal inflammation. This article reviews the research progress and clinical applications of PDT in the treatment of various digestive diseases. Through literature review, the advantages of PDT in the treatment of different types of digestive diseases are summarized, and the limitations of its clinical applications are discussed. The development direction of PDT in medical diagnosis and treatment is projected, and the technological innovation of photosensitizer and the possibility of its use as a routine treatment for other diseases are proposed. Despite some limitations, the development prospects of PDT in clinical application are still broad, and it is expected to provide new directions and ideas for the treatment of diseases. Key words: photodynamic therapy; photosensitizer technology; digestive system diseases; diagnosis and treatment; application research （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 193-206） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 193-206 [Abstract] ( 10 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2149KB] ( 8 ) 207 ZHU Haoyang, LI Weijia, FENG Jin, ZHOU Dan Research Progress of 577 nm Subthreshold Micropulse Laser in the Treatment of Retinal Diseases#br# Abstract: 577 nm subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) is a non-destructive thermal laser therapy for the treatment of retinal diseases, which has the advantages of minimal damage, high safety, and strong penetration ability. It showed great development prospects in the treatment of retinal diseases and other fields. This article reviews the research progress of 577 nm SML in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and other retinal diseases, hoping that it can provide some reference for clinical application. Key words: retinitis photocoagulation; subthreshold micropulse laser; retinal diseases; macula （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 207-213） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 207-213 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1541KB] ( 14 ) 214 LYU Dan, CHEN Yong, WU Xiushan, TAN Zhixia, LUO Jie, CAI Xiuyi, NING Siyi, YE Xiangli Research Progress on the Relationship Between Microbiome-gut-heart Axis and Cardiovascular Disease Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death in the world, and although great progress has been made in the research and clinical treatment of its pathogenesis, the mortality rate is still high, and new ways of scientific intervention are urgently needed. Intestinal flora is the most numerous and complex microbial community in the human body, which plays an important role in the healthy homeostasis of the body, and its imbalance can lead to a variety of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, and form a “microbiome-gut-heart axis” relationship, which speculates that intestinal flora and its metabolites may be potential biological targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article focuses on the regulatory mechanism between the “microbiome-gut-heart axis” and cardiovascular disease, and proposes the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of intestinal microbiota, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment. Key words: gut microbes; cardiovascular diseases; microbiome-gut-heart axis; intestinal flora metabolites; novel coronavirus （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 214-220） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 214-220 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 7308KB] ( 9 ) 221 WANG Xiaofei, ZHANG Peijuan, WANG Rong, JING Xintao, ZHOU Jing, CAO Li, ZHENG Jiaming, MENG Lingjie, HUANG Chen Application of Spectral Flow Cytometry on the Identification of Biological Materials Abstract: As a detection instrument developed rapidly in recent years, the spectral flow cytometer primarily complemented traditional flow cytometry. This article demonstrated the performance of three spectral flow cytometers in the detection of fluorescent materials, demonstrating their potential applications in the field of biological materials. Studies showed that the spectral flow cytometer could not only explore fluorescence from non-primary bands of known fluorescent dyes, but also decompose overlapping spectra between fluorescent materials, and reagent kit detection channels, resulting in more accurate analytical results. Additionally, it could detect the spectral shifts of fluorescent nanomaterials within cells. In all, the spectral flow cytometer could record the spectral characteristics of fluorescent materials entering cells, analyze the spectral behavior of fluorophores within cells, and spectrally resolve fluorescence signals that overlapped with detection channels, thus providing objective fluorescence data. These capabilities opened up new paths for the research of fluorescent materials, providing theoretical foundations as well as practical references for the widespread use of spectral flow cytometry in biomaterials science. Key words: spectral flow cytometry; biological materials; fluorescent materials; fluorescence spectrum shift; spectral separation （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 221-228） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 221-228 [Abstract] ( 3 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3574KB] ( 7 ) 229 WANG Qinghao, HOU Anyi, HU Xiang, LI Limin, XIANG Shuanglin, DING Xiaofeng Metformin Enhances the Antitumor Activity of in vitro Expanded γδT Cells Abstract: Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes expressing γδT cell receptors, which possess both innate and adaptive immune functions. They can recognize and kill tumor cells in a manner independently of MHC restriction. However, their limited quantity in vivo and low efficiency in vitro expansion restrict their clinical application. This study utilized a combination of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and the bisphosphonate drug zoledronic acid (Zol) to stimulate γδT cells and optimize their in vitro expansion strategy. Results demonstrated that the combination of Zol (5 μmol/L), IL-2 (100 IU/mL), and IL-15 (10 ng/mL) achieved a 10 000-fold expansion of γδT cells, with a purity of 95.74% among CD3-positive cells. Additionally, metformin treatment significantly increased the proportions of central memory cell subsets from 10.75% to 15.85% and effector memory cell subsets from 5.98% to 19.3% in γδT cells (P<0.01). Metformin also markedly upregulated the expression of anti-tumor factors interferon-γ (IFN-γ), granzyme B (GZMB), and perforin in γδT cells, promoted exosome secretion, and enhanced cytotoxic activity. This study provides a novel strategy for in vitro expansion and functional optimization of γδT cells, laying the foundation for their application in adoptive immunotherapy for tumors. Key words: γδT cells; antitumor activity; metformin; anti-tumor factor; adoptive immunotherapy （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 229-238） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 229-238 [Abstract] ( 7 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3686KB] ( 9 ) 239 HUANG Xiangmiao, YANG Diwu, ZHANG Zhenhui, WANG Yikai, PAN Changning Biomechanical Characteristics in the Progression of Bronchial Fibrosis by Photoacoustic Remote Sensing Elastography Abstract: Obstructive bronchitis is a fibrotic disease of the lungs that occurs in response to inhalation of noxious gases, immune dysfunction and lung or bone marrow transplantation. Fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of obstructive bronchitis, and alterations in its mechanical properties play a key role in understanding the pathological progression of obstructive bronchitis. Due to the lack of studies related to the mechanical properties of obstructive bronchitis, little is known about the pathological mechanisms in this area. Therefore, in this paper, to address the above problem, photoacoustic remote sensing elastography was used to image the biomechanical properties of bronchial fibrosis. The results showed that the rise times of photoacoustic signals corresponding to normal bronchial tubes as well as bronchial tubes in the early, middle, and late stages of fibrosis were 113 ns, 107 ns, 96 ns, and 70 ns, respectively, and a short rise time resulted in a large elastic modulus; the elastic modulus of fibrotic bronchial tubes was larger than that of normal bronchial tubes, and the elastic modulus in the three stages of fibrosis increased sequentially from the early stage to the late stage. In this paper, the changes of bronchial mechanical properties during the process of obstructive bronchitis were investigated and the relative values of elastic modulus were extracted to propose a new reference for the graded diagnosis and prevention of obstructive bronchitis. Key words: biological optics; photoacoustic imaging; elastic imaging; photoacoustic remote sensing; bronchial fibrosis （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 239-245） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 239-245 [Abstract] ( 3 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3008KB] ( 6 ) 246 ZHU Yachao, LI Jingyao, SUN Haoran Analysis of Soil Microbial Stoichiometric Characteristics and Their Influencing Factors in Six Typical Vegetation Zones of Helan Mountain Abstract: Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling across different vegetation ecosystems, with varying vegetation types leading to distinct microbial communities. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content, as well as their ratios, significantly influence ecosystem nutrient cycling, plant growth, and soil health. This study focused on six typical vegetation types (steppe, desert, savanna, sparse wooded grassland, evergreen coniferous forest, and evergreen needleleaf shrubland) at different elevations in the Helan Mountains of Ningxia. MBC, MBN, MBP, soil total nitrogen (STN), soil organic matter (SOM), soil pH, and soil water content (SWC) were measured, and one-way ANOVA, redundancy analysis (RDA), and variance partitioning analysis (VPA), were employed to explore the distribution patterns of MBC, MBN, and MBP ecological stoichiometry across different elevational vegetation zones and their relationships with soil physicochemical factors. The results showed: 1) The contents of MBC, MBN, and MBP varied significantly with altitude (P<0.05). MBC and MBN initially increased, then decreased, and subsequently rose again with increasing altitude, whereas MBP increased significantly above 1 822 m. All three reached their highest levels in evergreen needleleaf shrubland, with values of 796.02, 47.26, and 24.07 mg/kg, respectively. 2) The MBC: MBN showed no significant difference with altitude, MBC: MBP and MBN: MBP showed a fluctuating trend with elevation, and all three showed a decreasing trend in the high elevation vegetation zone. The lowest values were observed in evergreen needleleaf shrubland. 3) RDA and VPA revealed that STN had a significant effect on the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of MBC, MBN, and MBP (P<0.05). In conclusion, the C, N, and P ecological stoichiometric characteristics varied significantly across different vegetation zones in the Helan Mountains and were primarily influenced by STN. Key words: Helan Mountain; vegetation belt; soil microorganisms; ecological stoichiometry; soil physicochemical factors （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 246-253） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 246-253 [Abstract] ( 5 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2314KB] ( 7 ) 254 ZHENG Yi, FENG Ling, TANG Ting, HU Yushan, ZHANG Yongqin Exploring the Mechanism of Action of Kang-xian-miao-ling Formula in the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification Abstract: This article aims to explore the pharmacological mechanism of the kang-xian-miao-ling formula based on network pharmacology and animal experiments. Active ingredients and their targets from the formula were identified via database screening and were compared with targets associated with liver fibrosis to determine the core interaction targets. These core targets underwent enrichment analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, gene ontology (GO) functions, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. To validate the predictions derived from network pharmacology, a liver fibrosis model was established in rats using thioacetamide (TAA), with concurrent treatment using the formula. Histopathological changes in liver tissue were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining, while serum biochemical indicators and the expression of relevant genes in liver tissue were evaluated. The study identified 55 active ingredients in the kang-xian-miao-ling formula, with 98 interacting targets associated with liver fibrosis. PPI network analysis revealed 10 core targets, including AKT1, TNF, IL-6, TP53, IL-1β, MMP9, HIF1A, PTGS2, JUN, and ESR1, which are primarily implicated in cancer pathways, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking experiments indicated that ingredients such as quercetin, gentianine, emodin, and luteolin exhibit favorable molecular binding affinity with core targets like AKT1 and PTGS2. Animal experiments demonstrated that, compared to the normal group, the model group rats exhibited significant fibrous collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue, along with markedly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin (TBIL). Additionally, inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated, alongside increased mRNA expression levels of α-SMA, PIK3CA, AKT1, and TGF-β1 in liver tissue. In comparison to the model group, the treatment group exhibited improvements in liver tissue inflammation and collagen fiber deposition, alongside significantly reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, and TBIL. Additionally, there was a decrease in the expression of inflammatory factors and the mRNA levels of α-SMA, PIK3CA, and AKT1 in liver tissue. This study found that kang-xian-miao-ling formula may regulate the PI3K/Akt and TNF signaling pathways through the interaction of multiple components, targets, and pathways. It inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and promotes the degradation of collagen fibers, thereby effectively improving TAA-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Key words: kang-xian-miao-ling formula; liver fibrosis; network pharmacology; PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; target molecule docking （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 254-266） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 254-266 [Abstract] ( 3 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6635KB] ( 9 ) 267 ZHAO Fangfang, TANG Juntao, LIN Yuanyuan, MA Yilin Effect of Low Expression of miR-133a on High Glucose-induced Podocyte Inflammatory Apoptosis and Its Related Mechanism Abstract: To investigate the effect of low expression of microRNAs-133a (miR-133a) on the apoptosis of podocytes induced by high glucose and its related mechanism, human glomerular podocyte (HGPC) cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group (Con, no treatment), HG group (30 mmol/L D-glucose), inhibitor NC group (HG group+transfection inhibitor NC), miR-133a inhibitor group (HG group+ transfection miR-133a inhibitor). 24 h after transfection, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the transfection efficiency. Follow-up tests were performed after transfection success, which were divided into Con group, HG group, inhibitor NC group and miR-133a inhibitor group, miR-133a inhibitor+phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT) pathway inhibitor group (miR-133a inhibitor+10 μmol/L LY294002), miR-133a inhibitor+PI3K/AKT pathway activator group [miR-133a inhibitor+50 mg/mL insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I)]. Live cell counting method (CCK-8) and Hoechst 33258 staining were used respectively, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were used to detect HGPC cell viability, apoptosis rate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, PI3K, phosphorylation (p) -PI3K, AKT and p-AKT expression levels. miR-133a was transfected successfully. The cell viability, p-PI3K and p-AKT protein expression of HG group and inhibitor NC group were lower than those of Con group (P<0.05), the apoptosis rate, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were higher than those of Con group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate, TNF-α and IL-6 levels of miR-133a inhibitor group were lower than those of miR-133a inhibitor group (P<0.05), while the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT increased (P<0.05). LY294002 attenuated the action of miR-133a inhibitor and IGF-I enhanced the action of miR-133a inhibitor. The low expression of miR-133a can regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and apoptosis of HG-induced HGPC cells, this research could provide a new direction for the study of diseases related to diabetic nephropathy. Key words: diabetic nephropathy; miR-133a; HGPC cells; high glucose; inflammation （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 267-273） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 267-273 [Abstract] ( 3 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2788KB] ( 8 ) 274 XUE Xiaojie, CHENG Pan A Study on Apoptosis Induced by Carrellizumab Combined with Cisplatin in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Eca-109 cells Abstract: In order to study the effect of carrilizumab combined with cisplatin on apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells Eca-109 by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, and to observe the expression of heat shock protein A9 (HSPA9). In this study, the test was divided into blank control group, cisplatin group (100 μmol/L) and combined administration group which is cisplatin (100 μmol/L)+carrilizumab (200 mg/time). Transwell migration test, scratch test, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) test and clonal aggregation technique were used to observe the effects of carrellizumab combined with cisplatin on the invasion, migration and proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells Eca-109. The expression of HSPA9 gene was detected by RT-PCR. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of OXPHOS and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Transwell migration, scratch test, CCK-8 test and clonal formation test showed that the combined administration group inhibited the activity, migration and aggregation of Eca-109 cells more than the cisplatin group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WB detection results showed that compared with cisplatin group and control group, the expression of HSPA9 and OXPHOS in combined administration group significantly decreased, and the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT was inhibited (P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that compared with control group and cisplatin group, ROS levels in cisplatin+carrilizumab group significantly increased, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). Compared with cisplatin alone, carrellizumab combined with cisplatin could significantly inhibit the expression of HSPA9 and OXPHOS in esophageal squamous cell cancer cells, inhibit the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and regulate reoxidation and mitochondrial homeostasis. The inhibition of Eca-109 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis provides a reference for the precise intervention and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in clinical practice. Key words: carrilizumab; cisplatin; esophageal squamouscell carcinoma; OXPHOS; HSPA9 （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 274-281） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 274-281 [Abstract] ( 5 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2777KB] ( 6 ) 282 WANG Jin, LIAO Lifan, PENG Xin, LI Xiwen, ZHU Yaoqi, LI Lei LncRNA HHIP-AS1 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Targeting miR-19a-3p Abstract: To investigate the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HHIP-AS1 on the proliferation and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanism, the expression of HHIP-AS1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues was analyzed by cBioPortal database. The expression of HHIP-AS1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HHIP-AS1 plasmid and control plasmid were transfected into CAL-27 cells, which were recorded as HHIP-AS1 group and NC group, respectively. qPCR was used to detect the expression of HHIP-AS1 in CAL-27 cells in each group. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and scratch healing assay were used to detect the effects of up-regulating HHIP-AS1 on the proliferation and migration of CAL-27 cells, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the effects of up-regulating HHIP-AS1 on the expression of proliferation phenotype proteins and migration phenotype proteins in CAL-27 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between HHIP-AS1 and miR-19a-3p. qPCR was used to detect the effect of upregulating HHIP-AS1 on the expression of miR-19a-3p. The results showed that the expression of HHIP-AS1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines was lower than that in human normal oral keratinocytes (HOK cells) (all P<0.05). The expression of HHIP-AS1 in CAL-27 cells of the HHIP-AS1 group was significantly higher than that in the NC group (P<0.01). This study found that upregulating HHIP-AS1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation ability (P<0.05) and migration ability (P<0.01) of CAL-27 cells. Upregulating HHIP-AS1 would inhibit the expression of proteins related to the proliferative phenotype and migratory phenotype of CAL-27 cells. This study further found that HHIP-AS1 could bind to miR-19a-3p in a targeted manner (P<0.01), and upregulating HHIP-AS1 would inhibit the expression of miR-19a-3p (P<0.01). In conclusion, HHIP-AS1 is lowly expressed in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Upregulating HHIP-AS1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by reducing the expression of miR-19a-3p. This study may provide a new target for the research on targeted therapy of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Key words: HHIP-AS1; tongue squamous cell carcinoma; miR-19a-3p; cancer cell proliferation; cancer cell migration （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 282-288） 2025 Vol. 34 (3): 282-288 [Abstract] ( 4 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2827KB] ( 7 )

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